배열은 연속된 메모리 위치에 동종 데이터를 저장하는 C의 가장 간단한 데이터 구조입니다. 배열을 생성하려면 데이터 유형을 선언하고 배열에 요소를 제공합니다.
#include int main() { int i, arr[5] = {1, 2, 4, 2, 4}; for(i = 0; i <5; i++) { printf('%d ', arr[i]); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> 1 2 4 2 4 </pre> <p>In C, a Character and a String are separate data types, unlike other programming languages like Python. A String is a collection of Characters. Hence, to define a String, we use a Character Array:</p> <pre> #include int main() { char str[8]; printf('Enter a String: '); scanf('%s', &str); printf('%s', str); } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Enter a String: Hello Hello </pre> <p>Now, we want to create an Array of Strings which means we are trying to create an Array of Character Arrays. We have two ways we can do this:</p> <ol class="points"> <li>Using Two-dimensional Arrays</li> <li>Using Pointers</li> </ol> <h3>Using Two-dimensional Arrays:</h3> <p>Creating a String Array is one of the applications of two-dimensional Arrays. To get a picture of the arrangement, observe the below representation:</p> <p>For suppose we want to create an Array of 3 Strings of size 5:</p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <p>Every String in a String Array must terminate with a null Character. It is the property of a String in C.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create a 2D Array:</strong> </p> <pre> Data_type name[rows][columns] = {{values in row 1}, {values in row 2}…}; </pre> <p> <strong>Syntax to create a String Array:</strong> </p> <pre> char Array[rows][columns] = {'String1', 'String2'...}; </pre> <p> <strong>Now, let us create an example String Array:</strong> </p> <ul> <li>Observe that when we assign the number of rows and columns, we need to consider the Null Character to the length.</li> </ul> <pre> #include int main() { int i; char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Block'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf('%s
', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: Black Blame Block </pre> <ul> <li>char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Black'} -> {{'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' '}, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'm', 'e', ' '}, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' '}}</li> <li>We cannot directly manipulate the Strings in the Array as a String is an immutable data type. The compiler raises an error:</li> </ul> <pre> char Array[0] = 'Hello'; </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> [Error] assignment to expression with Array type </pre> <ul> <li>We can use the strcpy() function to copy the value by importing the String header file:</li> </ul> <pre> char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Block'}; strcpy(Array[0], 'Hello'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf('%s
', array[i]); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: Hello Blame Block </pre> <p> <strong>The Disadvantage of using 2D Arrays:</strong> </p> <p>Suppose we want to store 4 Strings in an Array: {'Java', 'T', 'point', 'JavaTpoint'}. We will store the Strings like this:</p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-2.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <ul> <li>The number of rows will be equal to the number of Strings, but the number of columns will equal the length of the longest String.</li> <li>The memory allocated to all the Strings will be the size of the longest String, causing ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> '.</li> <li>The orange part in the above representation is the memory wasted.</li> </ul> <h3>Using Pointers:</h3> <p>By using Pointers, we can avoid the Disadvantage of Memory wastage. But how do we do this?</p> <p>We need to create an Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Hence, we need to create an Array of type ' <strong>char*</strong> '. This way, all the Strings are stored elsewhere in the exactly needed memory, and the Pointers in the Array point to those memory locations causing no memory wastage. More specifically, the Pointers in the Array point to the first Character of the Strings.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Data Type* name[] = {'Value 1', 'Value 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of String Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>char* Array[] = {'String 1', 'String 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Representation:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-3.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <p> <strong>Now, let us create an example String Array:</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include int main() { int i; char* Array[] = {'HI', 'UP', 'AT'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf('%s
', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: HI UP AT </pre> <h3>Summary:</h3> <p>We cannot create a String Array like a normal one, as a String is an Array of Characters. We have two ways to do this:</p> <p> <strong>1. Using a Two-Dimensional Array:</strong> </p> <p>The Disadvantage of using this way is ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> ,' as the memory allocated to every String in the Array will be the memory required to store the longest String of the Array.</p> <p> <strong>2. Using Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Using Pointers, we create a single-dimensional Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Following this method can eliminate the 'Memory wastage' Disadvantage.</p> <hr></3;></pre></3;></pre></3;></pre></5;> C에서 문자와 문자열은 Python과 같은 다른 프로그래밍 언어와 달리 별도의 데이터 유형입니다. 문자열은 문자 모음입니다. 따라서 문자열을 정의하기 위해 문자 배열을 사용합니다.
#include int main() { char str[8]; printf('Enter a String: '); scanf('%s', &str); printf('%s', str); } 산출:
Enter a String: Hello Hello
이제 우리는 문자열 배열을 생성하려고 합니다. 이는 문자 배열 배열을 생성한다는 의미입니다. 이를 수행할 수 있는 두 가지 방법이 있습니다.
- 2차원 배열 사용
- 포인터 사용
2차원 배열 사용:
문자열 배열을 만드는 것은 2차원 배열의 응용 프로그램 중 하나입니다. 배열에 대한 그림을 얻으려면 아래 표현을 관찰하십시오.
예를 들어 크기가 5인 3개의 문자열 배열을 생성한다고 가정해 보겠습니다.
4분기
문자열 배열의 모든 문자열은 null 문자로 끝나야 합니다. C에서 문자열의 속성입니다.
2D 배열을 생성하는 구문:
Data_type name[rows][columns] = {{values in row 1}, {values in row 2}…}; 문자열 배열을 생성하는 구문:
char Array[rows][columns] = {'String1', 'String2'...}; 이제 문자열 배열 예제를 만들어 보겠습니다.
셰자드 푸나왈라
- 행과 열의 수를 할당할 때 길이에 Null 문자를 고려해야 한다는 점에 유의하세요.
#include int main() { int i; char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Block'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: Black Blame Block </pre> <ul> <li>char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Black'} -> {{'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' '}, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'm', 'e', ' '}, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' '}}</li> <li>We cannot directly manipulate the Strings in the Array as a String is an immutable data type. The compiler raises an error:</li> </ul> <pre> char Array[0] = 'Hello'; </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> [Error] assignment to expression with Array type </pre> <ul> <li>We can use the strcpy() function to copy the value by importing the String header file:</li> </ul> <pre> char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Block'}; strcpy(Array[0], 'Hello'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: Hello Blame Block </pre> <p> <strong>The Disadvantage of using 2D Arrays:</strong> </p> <p>Suppose we want to store 4 Strings in an Array: {'Java', 'T', 'point', 'JavaTpoint'}. We will store the Strings like this:</p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-2.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <ul> <li>The number of rows will be equal to the number of Strings, but the number of columns will equal the length of the longest String.</li> <li>The memory allocated to all the Strings will be the size of the longest String, causing ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> '.</li> <li>The orange part in the above representation is the memory wasted.</li> </ul> <h3>Using Pointers:</h3> <p>By using Pointers, we can avoid the Disadvantage of Memory wastage. But how do we do this?</p> <p>We need to create an Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Hence, we need to create an Array of type ' <strong>char*</strong> '. This way, all the Strings are stored elsewhere in the exactly needed memory, and the Pointers in the Array point to those memory locations causing no memory wastage. More specifically, the Pointers in the Array point to the first Character of the Strings.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Data Type* name[] = {'Value 1', 'Value 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of String Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>char* Array[] = {'String 1', 'String 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Representation:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-3.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <p> <strong>Now, let us create an example String Array:</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include int main() { int i; char* Array[] = {'HI', 'UP', 'AT'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: HI UP AT </pre> <h3>Summary:</h3> <p>We cannot create a String Array like a normal one, as a String is an Array of Characters. We have two ways to do this:</p> <p> <strong>1. Using a Two-Dimensional Array:</strong> </p> <p>The Disadvantage of using this way is ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> ,' as the memory allocated to every String in the Array will be the memory required to store the longest String of the Array.</p> <p> <strong>2. Using Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Using Pointers, we create a single-dimensional Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Following this method can eliminate the 'Memory wastage' Disadvantage.</p> <hr></3;></pre></3;></pre></3;> - char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Black'} -> {{'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' ' }, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'm', 'e', ' '}, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' '}}
- 문자열은 불변 데이터 유형이므로 배열의 문자열을 직접 조작할 수 없습니다. 컴파일러에서 오류가 발생합니다.
char Array[0] = 'Hello';
산출:
[Error] assignment to expression with Array type
- strcpy() 함수를 사용하여 String 헤더 파일을 가져와서 값을 복사할 수 있습니다.
char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Block'}; strcpy(Array[0], 'Hello'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: Hello Blame Block </pre> <p> <strong>The Disadvantage of using 2D Arrays:</strong> </p> <p>Suppose we want to store 4 Strings in an Array: {'Java', 'T', 'point', 'JavaTpoint'}. We will store the Strings like this:</p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-2.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <ul> <li>The number of rows will be equal to the number of Strings, but the number of columns will equal the length of the longest String.</li> <li>The memory allocated to all the Strings will be the size of the longest String, causing ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> '.</li> <li>The orange part in the above representation is the memory wasted.</li> </ul> <h3>Using Pointers:</h3> <p>By using Pointers, we can avoid the Disadvantage of Memory wastage. But how do we do this?</p> <p>We need to create an Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Hence, we need to create an Array of type ' <strong>char*</strong> '. This way, all the Strings are stored elsewhere in the exactly needed memory, and the Pointers in the Array point to those memory locations causing no memory wastage. More specifically, the Pointers in the Array point to the first Character of the Strings.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Data Type* name[] = {'Value 1', 'Value 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of String Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>char* Array[] = {'String 1', 'String 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Representation:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-3.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <p> <strong>Now, let us create an example String Array:</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include int main() { int i; char* Array[] = {'HI', 'UP', 'AT'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: HI UP AT </pre> <h3>Summary:</h3> <p>We cannot create a String Array like a normal one, as a String is an Array of Characters. We have two ways to do this:</p> <p> <strong>1. Using a Two-Dimensional Array:</strong> </p> <p>The Disadvantage of using this way is ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> ,' as the memory allocated to every String in the Array will be the memory required to store the longest String of the Array.</p> <p> <strong>2. Using Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Using Pointers, we create a single-dimensional Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Following this method can eliminate the 'Memory wastage' Disadvantage.</p> <hr></3;></pre></3;> 2D 배열 사용의 단점:
배열에 4개의 문자열({'Java', 'T', 'point', 'JavaTpoint'})을 저장한다고 가정합니다. 다음과 같이 문자열을 저장합니다.
- 행 수는 문자열 수와 동일하지만 열 수는 가장 긴 문자열의 길이와 같습니다.
- 모든 문자열에 할당된 메모리는 가장 긴 문자열의 크기가 됩니다. 메모리 낭비 '.
- 위 표현에서 주황색 부분은 낭비되는 메모리입니다.
포인터 사용:
포인터를 사용하면 메모리 낭비라는 단점을 피할 수 있습니다. 하지만 어떻게 해야 할까요?
문자열을 가리키는 포인터 배열을 만들어야 합니다. 따라서 ' 유형의 배열을 생성해야 합니다. 숯* '. 이런 방식으로 모든 문자열은 정확히 필요한 메모리의 다른 위치에 저장되고 배열의 포인터는 메모리 낭비를 유발하지 않는 해당 메모리 위치를 가리킵니다. 보다 구체적으로 배열의 포인터는 문자열의 첫 번째 문자를 가리킵니다.
포인터 배열을 생성하는 구문:
데이터 유형* 이름[] = {'값 1', '값 2'…};
문자열 포인터 배열을 생성하는 구문:
char* Array[] = {'문자열 1', '문자열 2'…};
대표:
이제 문자열 배열 예제를 만들어 보겠습니다.
자바 해시맵이 뭐야?
#include #include int main() { int i; char* Array[] = {'HI', 'UP', 'AT'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: HI UP AT </pre> <h3>Summary:</h3> <p>We cannot create a String Array like a normal one, as a String is an Array of Characters. We have two ways to do this:</p> <p> <strong>1. Using a Two-Dimensional Array:</strong> </p> <p>The Disadvantage of using this way is ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> ,' as the memory allocated to every String in the Array will be the memory required to store the longest String of the Array.</p> <p> <strong>2. Using Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Using Pointers, we create a single-dimensional Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Following this method can eliminate the 'Memory wastage' Disadvantage.</p> <hr></3;> 요약:
문자열은 문자 배열이므로 일반 배열처럼 문자열 배열을 만들 수 없습니다. 이를 수행하는 방법에는 두 가지가 있습니다.
1. 2차원 배열 사용:
이 방법을 사용하는 단점은 ' 메모리 낭비 ,' 배열의 모든 문자열에 할당된 메모리는 배열의 가장 긴 문자열을 저장하는 데 필요한 메모리이기 때문입니다.
2. 포인터 사용:
포인터를 사용하여 문자열을 가리키는 1차원 포인터 배열을 만듭니다. 이 방법을 따르면 '메모리 낭비' 단점을 제거할 수 있습니다.