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문자열 회문을 만드는 데 필요한 최소 추가 수

주어진 문자열 s 임무는 그것을 찾는 것이다. 최저한의 될 캐릭터 추가됨(마지막에 삽입) 문자열 회문을 만듭니다. 

예:  

입력 : s = '완료'
산출 : 2
설명: 문자열 회문을 'abede'로 만들 수 있습니다. ~ 아니다 '를 추가해서 ~ 아니다 문자열의 끝에서.

입력 :s = 'aabb'
산출 : 2
설명: 문자열 회문을 'aabb'로 만들 수 있습니다. 아아 '를 추가해서 아아 문자열의 끝에서.

목차

매번 회문을 확인하세요 - O(n^2) 시간과 O(n) 공간

솔루션에는 다음이 포함됩니다. 점진적으로 에서 문자 제거 시작 문자열이 될 때까지 문자열을 하나씩 회문 . 대답은 제거된 총 문자 수입니다.

예를 들어 문자열을 고려하십시오. s = '여기'. 먼저 전체 문자열이 회문이 아닌지 확인합니다. 다음으로 첫 번째 문자를 제거하여 문자열 '구걸'. 다시 확인해 보았지만 여전히 회문이 아닙니다. 그런 다음 처음부터 다른 문자를 제거합니다. '에데'를 떠나요. 이번에는 문자열이 회문입니다. 그러므로 출력은 2입니다 회문을 얻기 위해 처음부터 제거된 문자 수를 나타냅니다.

C++
// C++ code to find minimum number  // of appends to make string Palindrome #include    using namespace std; // Function to check if a given string is a palindrome bool isPalindrome(string s) {  int left = 0 right = s.length() - 1;  while (left < right) {  if (s[left] != s[right]) return false;  left++;  right--;  }  return true; } // Function to find the minimum number of  // characters to remove from the beginning int noOfAppends(string& s) {  int n = s.length();    // Remove characters from the start until   // the string becomes a palindrome  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  if (isPalindrome(s.substr(i))) {    // Return the number of characters removed  return i;   }  }    // If no palindrome is found remove  // all but one character  return n - 1;  } int main() {  string s = 'abede';  int result = noOfAppends(s);  cout << result << endl;  return 0; } 
Java
// Java code to find minimum number  // of appends to make string Palindrome import java.util.*; class GfG {    // Function to check if a given string is a palindrome  static boolean isPalindrome(String s) {  int left = 0 right = s.length() - 1;  while (left < right) {  if (s.charAt(left) != s.charAt(right)) return false;  left++;  right--;  }  return true;  }    // Function to find the minimum number of   // characters to remove from the beginning  static int noOfAppends(String s) {  int n = s.length();    // Remove characters from the start until   // the string becomes a palindrome  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  if (isPalindrome(s.substring(i))) {    // Return the number of characters removed  return i;  }  }    // If no palindrome is found remove  // all but one character  return n - 1;  }  public static void main(String[] args) {  String s = 'abede';  int result = noOfAppends(s);  System.out.println(result);  } } 
Python
# Python code to find minimum number  # of appends to make string Palindrome # Function to check if a given string is a palindrome def is_palindrome(s): left right = 0 len(s) - 1 while left < right: if s[left] != s[right]: return False left += 1 right -= 1 return True # Function to find the minimum number of  # characters to remove from the beginning def no_of_appends(s): n = len(s) # Remove characters from the start until  # the string becomes a palindrome for i in range(n): if is_palindrome(s[i:]): # Return the number of characters # removed return i # If no palindrome is found remove # all but one character return n - 1 if __name__ == '__main__': s = 'abede' result = no_of_appends(s) print(result) 
C#
// C# code to find minimum number  // of appends to make string Palindrome using System; class GfG {    // Function to check if a given string   // is a palindrome  static bool IsPalindrome(string s) {  int left = 0 right = s.Length - 1;  while (left < right) {  if (s[left] != s[right]) return false;  left++;  right--;  }  return true;  }  // Function to find the minimum number of   // characters to remove from the beginning  static int NoOfAppends(string s) {  int n = s.Length;    // Remove characters from the start until   // the string becomes a palindrome  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  if (IsPalindrome(s.Substring(i))) {    // Return the number of characters  // removed  return i;  }  }    // If no palindrome is found remove all but   // one character  return n - 1;  }  static void Main(string[] args) {  string s = 'abede';  int result = NoOfAppends(s);  Console.WriteLine(result);  } } 
JavaScript
// JavaScript code to find minimum number  // of appends to make string Palindrome // Function to check if a given string is a palindrome function isPalindrome(s) {  let left = 0 right = s.length - 1;  while (left < right) {  if (s[left] !== s[right]) return false;  left++;  right--;  }  return true; } // Function to find the minimum number of  // characters to remove from the beginning function noOfAppends(s) {  let n = s.length;    // Remove characters from the start until   // the string becomes a palindrome  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {  if (isPalindrome(s.substring(i))) {    // Return the number of  // characters removed  return i;  }  }    // If no palindrome is found remove  // all but one character  return n - 1; } const s = 'abede'; const result = noOfAppends(s); console.log(result); 

산출
2 

Knuth Morris Pratt 알고리즘 사용 - O(n) 시간 및 O(n) 공간

접근 방식의 기본 아이디어는 다음과 같습니다. 믿다 그만큼 끝에서 가장 큰 부분 문자열 그리고 문자열의 길이 마이너스 이 값은 최저한의 추가 횟수. 논리는 직관적이므로 추가할 필요가 없습니다. 회문 그리고 회문을 형성하지 않는 것들만. 끝에서 이 가장 큰 회문을 찾으려면 뒤집다 문자열을 계산 DFA.

그만큼 DFA(결정론적 유한 오토마톤) 의 맥락에서 언급된 크누스 모리스 프랫 알고리즘 찾는 데 도움이 되는 개념입니다. 접미사이기도 한 문자열의 가장 긴 접두사 그리고 문자열을 다시 뒤집어서(따라서 원래 문자열을 다시 얻음) 해당 문자열과 존경받는 문자열의 일치 횟수를 나타내는 최종 상태를 찾습니다. 따라서 우리는 끝에서 회문인 가장 큰 하위 문자열을 얻습니다.

C++
// CPP program for the given approach  // using 2D vector for DFA #include    using namespace std; // Function to build the DFA and precompute the state vector<vector<int>> buildDFA(string& s) {  int n = s.length();    // Number of possible characters (ASCII range)  int c = 256;     // Initialize 2D vector with zeros  vector<vector<int>> dfa(n vector<int>(c 0));   int x = 0;  dfa[0][s[0]] = 1;  // Build the DFA for the given string  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {  for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {  dfa[i][j] = dfa[x][j];  }  dfa[i][s[i]] = i + 1;  x = dfa[x][s[i]];  }  return dfa; } // Function to find the longest overlap // between the string and its reverse int longestOverlap(vector<vector<int>>& dfa string& query) {  int ql = query.length();  int state = 0;  // Traverse through the query to   // find the longest overlap  for (int i = 0; i < ql; i++) {  state = dfa[state][query[i]];  }  return state; } // Function to find the minimum // number of characters to append int minAppends(string s) {    // Reverse the string  string reversedS = s;  reverse(reversedS.begin() reversedS.end());  // Build the DFA for the reversed string  vector<vector<int>> dfa = buildDFA(reversedS);  // Get the longest overlap with the original string  int longestOverlapLength = longestOverlap(dfa s);  // Minimum characters to append   // to make the string a palindrome  return s.length() - longestOverlapLength; } int main() {  string s = 'abede';  cout << minAppends(s) << endl;  return 0; } 
Java
// Java program for the given approach // using 2D array for DFA import java.util.*; class GfG {  // Function to build the DFA and precompute the state  static int[][] buildDFA(String s) {  int n = s.length();  // Number of possible characters (ASCII range)  int c = 256;  // Initialize 2D array with zeros  int[][] dfa = new int[n][c];  int x = 0;  dfa[0][s.charAt(0)] = 1;  // Build the DFA for the given string  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {  for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {  dfa[i][j] = dfa[x][j];  }  dfa[i][s.charAt(i)] = i + 1;  x = dfa[x][s.charAt(i)];  }  return dfa;  }  // Function to find the longest overlap  // between the string and its reverse  static int longestOverlap(int[][] dfa String query) {  int ql = query.length();  int state = 0;  // Traverse through the query to   // find the longest overlap  for (int i = 0; i < ql; i++) {  state = dfa[state][query.charAt(i)];  }  return state;  }  // Function to find the minimum  // number of characters to append  static int minAppends(String s) {    // Reverse the string  String reversedS = new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString();  // Build the DFA for the reversed string  int[][] dfa = buildDFA(reversedS);  // Get the longest overlap with the original string  int longestOverlapLength = longestOverlap(dfa s);  // Minimum characters to append   // to make the string a palindrome  return s.length() - longestOverlapLength;  }  public static void main(String[] args) {  String s = 'abede';  System.out.println(minAppends(s));  } } 
Python
# Python program for the given approach  # using 2D list for DFA # Function to build the DFA and precompute the state def buildDFA(s): n = len(s) # Number of possible characters (ASCII range) c = 256 # Initialize 2D list with zeros dfa = [[0] * c for _ in range(n)] x = 0 dfa[0][ord(s[0])] = 1 # Build the DFA for the given string for i in range(1 n): for j in range(c): dfa[i][j] = dfa[x][j] dfa[i][ord(s[i])] = i + 1 x = dfa[x][ord(s[i])] return dfa # Function to find the longest overlap # between the string and its reverse def longestOverlap(dfa query): ql = len(query) state = 0 # Traverse through the query to  # find the longest overlap for i in range(ql): state = dfa[state][ord(query[i])] return state # Function to find the minimum # number of characters to append def minAppends(s): # Reverse the string reversedS = s[::-1] # Build the DFA for the reversed string dfa = buildDFA(reversedS) # Get the longest overlap with the # original string longestOverlapLength = longestOverlap(dfa s) # Minimum characters to append  # to make the string a palindrome return len(s) - longestOverlapLength if __name__ == '__main__': s = 'abede' print(minAppends(s)) 
C#
// C# program for the given approach // using 2D array for DFA using System; class GfG {  // Function to build the DFA and precompute the state  static int[] buildDFA(string s) {  int n = s.Length;  // Number of possible characters   // (ASCII range)  int c = 256;  // Initialize 2D array with zeros  int[] dfa = new int[n c];  int x = 0;  dfa[0 s[0]] = 1;  // Build the DFA for the given string  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {  for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {  dfa[i j] = dfa[x j];  }  dfa[i s[i]] = i + 1;  x = dfa[x s[i]];  }  return dfa;  }  // Function to find the longest overlap  // between the string and its reverse  static int longestOverlap(int[] dfa string query) {  int ql = query.Length;  int state = 0;  // Traverse through the query to   // find the longest overlap  for (int i = 0; i < ql; i++) {  state = dfa[state query[i]];  }  return state;  }  // Function to find the minimum  // number of characters to append  static int minAppends(string s) {    // Reverse the string using char array  char[] reversedArray = s.ToCharArray();  Array.Reverse(reversedArray);  string reversedS = new string(reversedArray);  // Build the DFA for the reversed string  int[] dfa = buildDFA(reversedS);  // Get the longest overlap with the original string  int longestOverlapLength = longestOverlap(dfa s);  // Minimum characters to append   // to make the string a palindrome  return s.Length - longestOverlapLength;  }  static void Main() {  string s = 'abede';  Console.WriteLine(minAppends(s));  } } 
JavaScript
// JavaScript program for the given approach // using 2D array for DFA // Function to build the DFA and precompute the state function buildDFA(s) {  let n = s.length;  // Number of possible characters  // (ASCII range)  let c = 256;  // Initialize 2D array with zeros  let dfa = Array.from({ length: n } () => Array(c).fill(0));  let x = 0;  dfa[0][s.charCodeAt(0)] = 1;  // Build the DFA for the given string  for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {  for (let j = 0; j < c; j++) {  dfa[i][j] = dfa[x][j];  }  dfa[i][s.charCodeAt(i)] = i + 1;  x = dfa[x][s.charCodeAt(i)];  }  return dfa; } // Function to find the longest overlap // between the string and its reverse function longestOverlap(dfa query) {  let ql = query.length;  let state = 0;  // Traverse through the query to   // find the longest overlap  for (let i = 0; i < ql; i++) {  state = dfa[state][query.charCodeAt(i)];  }  return state; } // Function to find the minimum // number of characters to append function minAppends(s) {  // Reverse the string  let reversedS = s.split('').reverse().join('');  // Build the DFA for the reversed string  let dfa = buildDFA(reversedS);  // Get the longest overlap with the original string  let longestOverlapLength = longestOverlap(dfa s);  // Minimum characters to append   // to make the string a palindrome  return s.length - longestOverlapLength; } let s = 'abede'; console.log(minAppends(s)); 

산출
2 

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